1. recrystallized snow
2. cool climate & adequate precipitation
3. mineral & monomineralic metamorphic rock
4. ice strength
5. ice stratification
6. rotation, shearing recrystalliztion, and deformation
7. flow types
8. flow threshold thickness
9. brittle surface; plastic flow; crevasses
10. ice flow rates
11. ice can heal itself
12. local obstructions
13. erosional processes
14. water interchange
15.glacial valley U-shaped cross section
16. glacial deposition
1. material falls off of ice
2. material dropped out of melting ice
3. material pushed along in front of ice
17. ice is highly reflective
18. icebergs
19. global ice
20. 4 categories of ice accumulations
temperature/latitude relationship
GLACIAL FEATURES & TERMINOLOGY
Moraines
firn (neve)
rock flour
polish & striations
ALPINE FEATURES
present glaciers
glacial Lake Missoula and the Scablands flood
CONTINENTAL FEATURES
permafrost
pingos
pluvial lakes
proglacial lakes
determining ice flow direction
glacial retreat
glacial rebound
North American ice centers
4 separate ice advances (glacials) - stage
interglacials - stages
glaciation & eustatic sea level changes
HOLOCENE
PLEISTOCENE
Wisconsin
Sangamon Interglacial
Illinoian
Yarmouth Interglacial
Kansan
Aftonian Interglacial
Nebraskan
PLIOCENE
Cause of the Ice Age
glaciations are recurrent phenomenon
mass extinctions
modern glaciers
Resources and References
Virtual Field Trip in Glacier National Park.
glaciers & related features pictures from Duke University
Illinois State Museum Ice Ages page
Glacier Bay National Park Electronic Visitors Center
