2. Pencils- green, blue, and red. One lead pencil if desired.
2. After having counted ten units say, "Ten units make one ten."
3. Immediately as you say this move the 10 units back to the left and move one 10 bead to the right.
4. Continue counting tens- move 10 tens back to the left as you move 100 to the right.
5. Continue in the same way through the hundreds and the thousands.
2. Use the paper with the unit line in green, the tens line in blue, the hundreds line in red and units of thousands line in green.
3. Slide one unit over to the right.
4. Write the numeral 1 in the first box of units column on notation paper in green or lead pencil.
5. Continue to slide unit beads over to the right one at a time while naming them. Each time record them in the units column.
6. After having counted ten units say, "Ten units make one ten."
7. Immediately as you say this move the ten units back to the left and move one ten bead to the right.
8. Record 1 ten by placing the digit 1 in the tens column.
9. Continue to count tens, recording each time you slide a ten bead to the right.
10. After having counted ten tens say, "10 tens make 1 hundred."
11. Immediately as you say this move the ten units back to the left and move one hundred bead to the right.
12. Record 1 hundred by placing the digit 1 in the hundreds column.
13. Continue in the same way through 1000.
14. After you reach 1000 tell the child the empty unit spaces are all "zero" and write "0" all the way down the unit column.
15. Do the same thing on the tens column.
16. Insert zero on the hundreds column, also.
2. Show the child how to slide over 9 unit beads.
3. Add 4.
4. During the process of adding 9 + 4 slide over one unit which makes the total of 10.
5. Slide 10 unit beads back to the left.
6. Slide one 10 to the right.
7. Continue counting remaining unit beads- 2, 3, 4.
8. Show child how to slide over 7 tens and begin to add 6 tens for 100.
9. During this process it will be necessary to exchange 10 tens for 100.
10. Continue adding hundreds and thousands in the same way, exchanging when necessary.
11. When process is complete, sum appears in beads on the right side of the frame.
12. Record the sum below the two addends on the notation paper: "7543."
2. Ask the child to represent that number in beads on the frame. For example:
3. Child slides 8 units, 5 tens, 9 hundreds and 4 thousands to the right.
4. Show child how to slide units back to the left in order to show the subtraction of 8 - 5.
5. Do the same for 50 - 10. Slide back to the left.
6. Do the same for 900 - 700. Slide back to the left.
7. Do the same for 4000 - 3000. Slide back to the left.
8. When all the beads of the subtrahend have been moved, the beads remaining are the answer.
9. Record remainder on notation paper under the first two numbers.
2. Growth in the understanding of the place value concept of the decimal system.
3. Preparation for computation of the abstract.
4. Development of the understanding of exchange in addition.
5. Growth in concentration.